[CRS_META] declined: crsociety - no trim / ???

[Tim C.]

No message was sent off-list on this one.

-Tim C.




Subject: Re: [CR] Br J Nutr issue, pdfs
From: rhodes
Date: Fri, 11 Jan 2008 02:48:35 +0000
To: The CR Society Main Discussion List <cr at lists.calorierestriction.org>

I hope I am at the right site - soooooooooo here goes - any converstions with CRONIES
about their results and any life improvements while a CRONIE ?? how bout athletic accomplishements while  cronie  - 
SLEEP ???   WORKOUT SUCCESSES ??  ENDURANCE STORIES ETC ETC Etc ??  I am just interested in hearing other anecdotal 
stories about this  CR regimine ( sic )  well - wish me luck with this - this CR lifestyle is really something ( I think 
) thanks for your patience - John R

--
Troy Ball

-------------- Original message --------------
From: Al Pater

 > > A new British Journal of Nutrition issue is availed and citations and
 > > abstracts can be viewed for the pdf-availed papers at:
 > >
 > > http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayIssue?jid=BJN&volumeId=99&issueId=02
 > >
 > > In the cranberry juice supplementation paper, the HDL and systilic blood
 > > pressure significantly improved with the 500 ml/day juice. Ocean Spray
 > > provided drinks, including a placebo juice with no phytochemicals to speak
 > > of.
 > >
 > >
 > > Commentary
 > > Fruit and vegetables and cardiovascular disease: epidemiological evidence
 > > from the non-Western world
 > > Luc Dauchet and Jean Dallongeville
 > > British Journal of Nutrition, Volume 99, Issue 02, February 2008, pp 219-220
 > >
 > > In most instances, these observations were obtained in developed countries,
 > > mostly in North America, where nutritional habits may differ substantially
 > > from those in other parts of the world. Fruit and vegetable consumption is
 > > usually associated with healthy behaviours in high-income countries;
 > > consumers of fruit and vegetables tend to smoke less, to exercise more
 > > frequently and are usually better educated than non-consumers9, resulting in
 > > complex interactions. Although statistical adjustment for lifestyle factors
 > > has been performed, residual effects and additional confounders that might
 > > have not been anticipated may still explain the association between fruit
 > > and vegetable intake and CVD. Finally, high intakes of fruit and vegetables
 > > are usually consumed as part of a prudent diet further complicating the
 > > assessment of the relationships between a particular food and chronic
 > > diseases10,11. For these reasons, the assessment of the true contribution of
 > > fruit and vegetables to cardiovascular event occurrence remains uncertain in
 > > observational epidemiological studies.
 > >
 > > Randomised controlled trials increasing fruit and vegetable intake are
 > > another strategy to analyse the relationship between fruit and vegetables
 > > and CVD. The results of intervention studies support the concept of a
 > > genuine effect of fruit and vegetables on blood pressure. In the DASH study
 > > 459 adults were enrolled for an 8-week strictly controlled dietary
 > > intervention. In the pre-randomisation phase, the subjects were fed for 3
 > > weeks a control diet that was low in fruit, vegetables and dairy products,
 > > with a fat content typical of the average diet in the USA. They were then
 > > randomly assigned to receive for 8 weeks a control diet, a diet rich in
 > > fruit and vegetables or a 'combination' diet rich in fruit, vegetables and
 > > low-fat dairy products and with reduced saturated and total fat. Sodium
 > > intake and body weight were maintained at constant levels. The
 > > fruit-and-vegetables diet reduced systolic blood pressure by 2·8 mm Hg more
 > > (P < 0·001) and diastolic blood pressure by 1·1 mm Hg more than the control
 > > diet (P = 0·07). The combination diet reduced systolic and diastolic blood
 > > pressure by 5·5 and 3·0 mm Hg more, respectively, than the control diet (P <
 > > 0·001 for each)12. In contrast, the LDL-cholesterol level was
 > > non-significantly decreased by 0·05 mmol/l13. Like observational studies,
 > > nutritional intervention trials present some limitations that hamper their
 > > interpretation. Firstly, true double-blind controlled trials are not
 > > feasible in the context of interventions with food items, leaving the
 > > possibility for biases in the assessment of end-points. Secondly, increased
 > > consumption of fruit and vegetables might induce changes in other components
 > > of the diet. For instance, in the DASH trial, fruit and vegetables were
 > > substituted by snacks to achieve equivalence of energy intake in the control
 > > and experimental diet. Thirdly, results of highly controlled intervention
 > > trials cannot easily be extrapolated to the general population or to draw
 > > public health policies. Finally, the difficulty of achieving great
 > > modification of diet in long-term studies hampers the interpretation of the
 > > results. For example, in the 'Women's Health Initiative Randomized
 > > Controlled Dietary Modification Trial'14, intensive behaviour modifications
 > > were designed to reduce total fat intake and increase intakes of vegetables,
 > > fruits and grains. During the follow-up fruit and vegetable consumption
 > > remained higher in the intervention group, but was actually only slightly
 > > more than one portion per day more than in the control group. Therefore, no
 > > significant differences in CHD, stroke and CVD rates were observed between
 > > groups. Thus, until now there is no definitive evidence from intervention
 > > trials that fruit and vegetable consumption decreases CVD incidence.
 > >
 > > Analyses of association of fruit and vegetable intake with cardiovascular
 > > risk factors in non-Western countries are necessary to understand the
 > > complexity of the relations between fruit and vegetable and occurrence of
 > > chronic diseases and also to explore the consistency of these associations
 > > across countries. The later point represents an important criterion in the
 > > appraisal of the causal relationship between nutritional factors and chronic
 > > diseases.
 > >
 > > In this issue of the British Journal of Nutrition, Radhika et al.15 analysed
 > > the relation between fruit and vegetable intake and cardiovascular risk
 > > factors (blood pressure, obesity, cholesterol) in a cross-sectional sample
 > > of Southern India inhabitants. Their results showed a strong inverse
 > > correlation between fruit and vegetable consumption and CVD risk factors,
 > > consistent with earlier studies from the Western world. As mentioned
 > > earlier, our understanding of the possible effect of fruit and vegetable
 > > consumption and CVD occurrence is based mainly on observational cohort data
 > > from Western countries where specific combinations of confounders may
 > > contribute to the association. Therefore, the consistent findings of Radhika
 > > et al.15 in subjects with different dietary and lifestyle habits and thus
 > > with different confounder background may be interpreted as additional
 > > evidence of a possible causal relation. In conclusion, analyses of cohort
 > > studies in non-Western populations should help to improve our understanding
 > > of the relation between fruit and vegetable intake and chronic diseases.
 > >
 > > 15 Association of fruit and vegetable intake with cardiovascular risk
 > > factors in urban south Indians
 > > Ganesan Radhika, Vasudevan Sudha, Rangaswamy Mohan Sathya, Anbazhagan
 > > Ganesan and Viswanathan Mohan
 > > British Journal of Nutrition, Volume 99, Issue 02, February 2008, pp 398-405
 > >
 > > -- Al Pater, alpater at SHAW.ca
 > >
 > >
 > >
 > > _______________________________________________
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